Sentence examples for measured with errors from inspiring English sources

However, observations are often measured with errors, as can be seen in the papers of Liang et al.

Motivated by a biomarker study for colorectal neoplasia, we consider generalized functional linear models where the functional predictors are measured with errors at discrete design points.

We consider two cases for exposure: (1) observations for exposures are completely available but measured with errors and (2) a large portion of exposure data are missing while the other are measured with errors.

In epidemiological cohort studies of occupational and environmental exposures, individual exposures are measured with errors and often not available for all members of the study, while health outcome measures are obtained for all individuals without measurement error.

In some settings the use of a group-based strategy for assigning exposure scores can result in a less biased estimate of an exposure-disease association than the case of using individual exposures measured with errors.

With this method, the exposure measured with error (the observed measurement) was replaced with a predicted value calculated from a regression model, again with age at baseline, birth year, fasting time, smoking status and time from baseline as fixed effects and cohort as random effect.

We denote the true covariate, X, and its surrogate, W, measured with error U under the classical additive measurement error model such that W = X + U. We assume X~N 0,1), U~N 0, σu), and that given X, W contributes no additional information about the outcome, Y.

If a gold standard measured with error is used to correct another imperfect measurement, this can introduce new bias.

The statistical methodology for assessment of this hyperbolic relationship is critical when both the x and y variables are measured with error, as the slope will be underestimated if measurement error in the independent variable is not accounted for (23).

Measurement error occurs when one or more regression model covariates are measured with error, and is a common problem in occupational health and other fields.

We generate a potential confounding variable, C, such that C~N 0,1), corr X, C) = ρxc, corr(Y, C) = ρyc, and C's surrogate, D, is measured with error such that D = C + V, where measurement error V~N 0, σv).