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The frequency shifts measured were converted to mass changes using the formulas given in ref [36].
The sialoadhesin copy numbers measured were converted to copies/104 PBMC.
The threshold cycle (Ct) values obtained in DNA samples to be measured were converted to copy numbers by comparison to a calibration standard made of male high molecular weight genomic DNA.
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The time measured is converted into a distance measurement that is used to derive a precise three-dimensional characterization of the reflecting ground surface (Lim et al. 2003).
The droplets were collected in a silicone oil bath to prevent evaporation and weighed using a precision scale with a resolution of 0.0001 g (MS-70, A&D Ltd).; the mass thus measured was converted into the droplet volume [10].
The Snellen visual acuity measured was converted to logMAR equivalent for statistical analysis.
Anthropometric measures were converted to Z scores and the relationship between health and nutritional status was assessed using regression models.
To obtain similar fatness units, all anthropometrics and body composition measures were converted to age-adjusted z-scores, which indicate the deviations from the population mean values in standard deviation (SD) units.
Standard errors and other dispersion measures were converted to standard deviations where possible (Higgins 2008).
Weight and height measures were converted to z-scores based on age- and sex-adjusted population tables.
The height measures were converted to standard deviation units (z scores) using the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards [ 24].
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