Sentence examples for measured utility functions from inspiring English sources

Therefore, an accepted test for the shape of measured utility functions is to investigate how well they can predict risky choices [ 24, 29].

Alternatively, it is possible that the measured utility functions did not correctly capture marginal disutility.

The regressions on the residuals demonstrated a powerful contribution of the curvature of the measured utility functions to explaining choice behavior.

Taken together, these observations suggest that the monkeys made meaningful, value-based choices and that the measured utility functions reflected the underlying preferences.

By following a proven procedure for recovering vNM utility [ 24, 25], and because the resulting functions were able to predict preferences for risky gambles [ 29], our measured utility functions retained important features of cardinal utility.

These results provided empirical evidence for the specific shape of the function and suggested that the measured utility functions were unique up to a shape-preserving (i.e., positive affine) transformation.

We then recorded dopamine responses to gambles and outcomes and related them to the measured utility function.

Consistent with the modeled cue responses, the dopamine responses appeared to reflect the expected utilities derived from the measured utility function, rather than the probability or the EV of the gambles.

The convex-concave curvature of the measured utility function differed from the usually assumed concave form but is nevertheless well known in both economic utility theory [ 27, 28, 33] and animal learning theory [ 24].

Importantly, this separately measured utility function on the restricted reward range (0.0 to 0.5 ml) did not reflect the same overall shape as the functions measured between 0.1 and 1.2 ml (first convex, then linear, then concave).

Although previous studies have shown that dopamine cue and reward responses encode a subjective value prediction error [ 10, 17], perhaps the most interesting aspect of this study is that responses to the reward itself (rather than the cue responses) reflected specifically the first derivative of the measured utility function.