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Additional outcomes to be collected every 6 months will include: 1. Household income and employment status 2. Quality of life and utility measurement: Health related quality of life will be measured using validated, widely-used instruments.
Leadership role perspectives and conflict resolution styles were measured using validated scales constructed by us based on the literature review, interviews and expert opinion.
Germane cognitive load was measured using validated a self-reported cognitive load subjective rating scale.
Lastly, two of the domains (sexual behavior and illicit drug use) in which we looked at the impact of survey modality on data quality were just a group of questions about specific topic and were not measured using validated scales.
Variables were measured using validated questionnaires.
Adipose tissue thickness was measured using validated standardized criteria [ 68].
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General trust in the health insurer was measured using a validated scale [ 21], which was translated into Dutch and validated [ 28].
T3 and IGF-I levels were measured using radioimmunoassays validated for use for this species.
To further the field, vicarious racism should be uniformly defined and directly measured using psychometrically validated tools.
Anxiety of the patient was measured using the validated Dutch version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after the procedure.
Other covariates of interest included addiction severity, assessed by the ASI-Lite (McLellan et al. 1980), food security assessed using a modified USDA Food Security Module, (United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service), and AIDS knowledge as measured using a validated 40-item test (Kelly et al. 1989).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com