Using the aforementioned sound source, the sound spectra shown in Figure 9 were measured using the third microphone.
Prior to exercise testing resting blood pressure was measured using the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines [ 35].
Plasma FGF23 was measured using the second-generation COOH-terminal assay that detects two epitopes in the C-terminus of FGF23 (coefficient of variation [CV] <5%; Immutopics, San Clemente, CA).
Loneliness will be measured using the third edition of Russell's UCLA Loneliness Scale which consists of 20 items, with responses from 1 (never) to 4 (often) [ 50].
Subgroup analysis revealed a percentage error of 29.53% for 67 data pairs measured using the second-generation FloTrac software and 26.44% for 84 data pairs analyzed by the third-generation software.
Anti-CCP2 levels were measured using the second-generation Immunoscan RA ELISA kit (Euro-diagnostica, Arnhem, The Netherlands) with a cut-off value of 25 U/ml, as proposed by the manufacturer.
General intellectual ability was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) (7) for subjects <16 years old and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) (8) for subjects aged ≥16 years.
Lower-body strength was measured using the 30-second chair stand [ 16].
Resident mobility was measured using the 30-second sit-to-stand test.
Objective physical function is the primary outcome measure in this study and will be measured using the 30-second sit to stand test.
