Staff attitudes to recovery and recovery orientation in services will be measured using the Staff Attitudes to Recovery Scale (STARS) 19-item questionnaire 79 and the provider version of the 36-item RSA.
Staffing was measured using two indicators, staffing intensity and staff mix, that reflect the concentration of nursing staff caring for patients and the composition of the nursing team, respectively.
Patient and family well-being were measured using the staff-rated Support Team Assessment Schedule and Karnofsky Index.
Staff turnover and sick leave was measured using the hospital's staff administration system for the intervention ICU and a control ICU in the same hospital.
Attitudes towards the impact of a completely smoke free policy were measured using four items including staff and student quality of life; student learning; and student enrolment using a five-point Likert-type scale.
Job satisfaction of nursing staff was measured using the Kuopio University Hospital Job Satisfaction Scale (KUHJSS) [ 18, 19], which was developed as part of this research project.
Organisational impact was measured using levels of sick leave, % staff turnover, use of agency nurses and staff recruitment.
Staff motivation was measured using proxies such as physical work conditions, monthly salary, possibility for promotion/further education, and recognition gained from job.
To confirm the efficacy of the remodeled kitchen, actual moving distances of kitchen staff members were measured using a pedometer before remodeling, immediately after remodeling, and 2 months after remodeling.
The quality of patient care was measured using three questions: How well did staff manage the patient's symptoms?
