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Many studies have been conducted evaluating the aging effects on asphalt binders since their properties can be easily measured using many conventional tests, such as rotational viscometer, DSR (dynamic shear rheometer), and BBR (bending beam rheometer).
First, as the present research was conducted in order to verify what kind of effect this program has on cognitive function, the cognitive functions were measured using many indicators despite the small sample.
Assessment of agitation, or conversely of calmness, is another important domain that is measured using many sedation instruments, either as a distinct subscale (VICS and ATICE) or incorporated into a single scale (SAS, MAAS, and RASS).
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All studies provided details on the outcome measures used, many of which were subjective (eg, willingness or intention to consent).
Apart from the morningness-eveningness questionnaire, circadian typology has been described and measured using different questionnaires in many studies and several countries [23].
Outcomes were measured using ambiguous scales for many of the trials, despite the fact that it is important to select published or validated measurement scales.
Sickness absence was measured using one question: "How many workdays in total have you been sickness absent within the last 3 months?"[ 20], and for the analyses, dichotomized as sickness absence (>0 days) and no sickness absence (0 days).
Social network was measured using one question: "How many good friends do you have?" ("Count those whom you can talk to in confidence and who can help you when you need help") [ 115].
Cigarette consumption is measured using the following question 'How many cigarettes per day do/did you usually smoke'.
Cost-related underuse was measured using an item that has been used in several prior studies, "In the past 12 months, have you ever taken less of your [diabetes/hypertension] medication than prescribed by your doctor because of the cost?" Non cost-related uNon cost-relatedunderuseng the item "Many people do not take their prescription medication exactly as prescribed by their doctor.
However, severity can be difficult to measure using the CFR because many infections are asymptomatic or mild; furthermore, the estimated CFR depends on the extent to which cases are detected by a surveillance system.
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