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Molecular lattices have traditionally been measured using crystallographic techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), but in some cases, it is both possible and advantageous to measure lattices using single-molecule techniques (3).
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Chemical compositions measured using TEM/EDS and crystallographic information via x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction were used to construct the isothermal section at 1500 °C, which was found to vary significantly from previous reports.
The microstructure was visualized using both optical and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscattered diffraction and the global crystallographic texture was measured using X-ray diffraction.
The inhomogeneous thickness distribution of the sheets has been characterized by a 3D optical digitization system, whereas the crystallographic texture has been measured using X-ray diffraction analysis.
Additionally, the crystallographic texturing effects of the hardened layer and untreated base measured using standard XRD technique re-confirmed their effect on Young's Modulus and r-bar values obtained.
The lattice fringes were measured using Gatan Microscopy Suit Software while the analysis of SAED patterns were analyzed manually by measuring the diameters of each ring and comparing them with standard crystallographic JCPDS cards.
In contrast, entrapped CO2 molecules could only be modelled using crystallographic restraints.
Measure using a tape measure.
Crystallographic B-factors are perhaps the most common measure used for the elucidation of residue fluctuations, and this is probably because the majority of known structures have been solved by X-ray crystallography.
Metallographic examination revealed the size and shape of grains in the Al layer, and the X-ray diffraction technique was used to measure the crystallographic texture at various through-thickness and in-plane locations.
For the coarse-grained part, we measured the crystallographic orientations of individual calcite grains with EBSD (Figure 4b).
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