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We measured testosterone levels using LC-MS/MS, the reference method for testosterone measurements (15).
The researchers took saliva samples from the students and measured testosterone levels.
There is some science that informs the answer, because of work by a team from Cambridge University who measured testosterone levels in a small group of male City of London traders at 11am and 4pm on a number of days, and matched the results to the same days' levels of profit or loss.
Previous studies measured testosterone levels using immunoassays (1– 7) that lack accuracy in the low range (15).
There were no significant differences in the measured testosterone levels between our experimental groups using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test (H = 3.8, 2 df, p = 0.15).
A recent study suggested that either using the patient's measured testosterone levels as a guide, or using an intermittent schedule as opposed to constant dosing (a calendar schedule) slowed the onset of castrate resistance (Blumberg et al, 2011).
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In each session volunteers provided a saliva sample which was used to measure testosterone levels.
What makes things more confusing is that the usual commercial tests that physicians use to measure testosterone levels are notoriously unreliable.
There is no consensus on what level of testosterone in an older man is too low, Dr. McKinlay said; nor is there a consensus on how to measure testosterone levels, which can fluctuate from day to day.
Surbeck's dissertation was on male behavior: he would measure testosterone levels in the urine of various bonobos, in the hope that power structures not easily detected by observation would reveal themselves.
Manfred Dinke, a West German doctor on the IOC medical commission, conducted some tests of his own on the Moscow urine samples (using a new technique that he had been developing for measuring testosterone levels) and concluded 20% of them, including 16 gold medallists, should have failed.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com