Sentence examples for measured relative to a reference from inspiring English sources

Daltonians argued that although such tiny quantities could not be measured absolutely, they could be measured relative to a reference atom (the natural choice being hydrogen as 1).

Estimates made by Cummings and Thompson (1971) suggest the source level of sounds made by blue whales are between 155 and 188 decibels when measured relative to a reference pressure of one micropascal at one metre.

In all cases, fitness was measured relative to a common reference strain expressing GFP (MAT a lys2 Δ0 ura3 Δ0 P TDH3 -GFP) as follows.

When studying the biomechanics of this complex, kinematics have traditionally been measured relative to a vertebral body-based reference frame.

A linewidth of a phase-locked FFO as low as 1 Hz has been measured relative to an external reference oscillator in the frequency range 270 440 GHz on steep Fiske steps in the low damping regime.

Gene expression was measured relative to an endogenous reference gene, mouse β-glucuronidase (Gusb Mm00446957_m1).

Pressures are measured relative to an arbitrary reference level.

Monolayer heights were measured relative to an internal reference provided by TOEG6 patches generated within the DNA monolayer by nanografting.

The first important design consideration is that both sensitivity and specificity (or likelihood ratios) must be measured relative to an appropriate reference standard.

This deletion is characterized by a loss of heterozygosity of variants measured relative to the reference, a cluster of 11 paired end reads (target length 500 bases) whose mates map in excess of 11kb from one another, as well as 15 reads that span the junction of the deletion that were soft trimmed by the mapping algorithm.

Ratio of mRNA level of target genes in all analysed tumours was measured relative to the reference "normal" samples (paired morphologically normal tissues obtained from the same patient).