To quantify the myofiber atrophy observed in the muscles of the Pitx1 transgenic mice, we measured muscle fiber diameter using minimal Feret's diameter measurement, performed on cross sections stained for laminin (Briguet et al., 2004).
Dr. Coyle, who has measured muscle mitochondria, said that even though muscles lose mitochondria when athletes stop training, they retain more of them than are found in muscles of a person who has always been sedentary.
We measured muscle performance from force plate and electromyograms of the biceps brachii and anterior deltoideus.
Concurrently, an infrared three-dimensional motion analysis system measured postures, six-degree-of-freedom force-torque sensors measured applied forces & torques, and surface electromyography measured muscle activity.
Mixed and random coefficient analysis of covariance indicated good agreement between predicted and measured muscle outputs for all muscles of mastication investigated.
We subsequently measured muscle and brain tissue lactate levels, an indirect measure of hypoxia, in SMNΔ7 mice at P10 and correlated these measures to respiratory rate.
A load cell underneath the keyswitch measured vertical fingertip forces, and intramuscular fine wire EMG electrodes measured muscle activity patterns of two intrinsic (first lumbricalis, first dorsal interossei) and three extrinsic (flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and extensor digitorum communis) index finger muscles.
In order to test whether IL-6Rα gene expression was responsive to our MLC protocol, we measured muscle IL-6Rα mRNA.
Because the patterns of mitochondrial enzyme activity were altered in the muscle of CAG200 mice (Fig. 4), we next measured muscle contracture upon nerve-evoked stimulation.
Thirty of 57 (52.6%) trainers routinely measured muscle enzymes for confirmation of diagnosis; 36 of 57 (63.2%) trainers considered ERS to be a significant problem in the Standardbred breed.
In general, the mean values of sedentary HH subjects in all the measured muscle outcomes were lower than subjects with other genotype and/or physical activity level (Figure 1).
