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Variations in salinity may be measured indirectly by measurements of the electrical conductivity of seawater, which also yield an accurate estimate of density.
Although frame dragging has not been detected directly, astronomers say it has been measured indirectly.
Digestibility was measured indirectly, using chromic oxide as a marker.
Ocean currents can be measured indirectly through data on density and directly with current meters.
Hedge funds do not generally divulge their holdings, so the extent of illiquidity must be measured indirectly.
The water depth is measured indirectly using a pressure sensor near the bottom.
Several studies found an increase in brain activity (as measured indirectly by blood flow) in the VLPFC of depressed patients.
The speed of sound is measured indirectly measuring the time of flight of an ultrasound pulse between two ultrasound transducers.
This volume change was measured, indirectly, by measuring the cell width change using video-microscopy and image analysis software.
Their shell viscoelastic behavior was measured indirectly as dilational modulus of monolayer film formed with surfactant molecular.
The tritium concentration is measured indirectly by the 3He ingrowth from radioactive decay after complete initial degassing of the sample.
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