The family structure was measured with indicators including parental composition (couple, versus single/no parents) and family size (0, 1 2, and 3+ siblings).
Mr. Scoppetta dismissed those concerns as well, saying the city currently has a new data system that will allow officials to measure several indicators, including how long children remain in foster care and how often their caseworkers visit them.
Furthermore, self-reported health may be an expression of a more complex judgment about health status than the objectively measured indicators, as this concept may include to how adequately a person can cope with their own health situation [ 1, 48].
The association between an increased risk of lung cancer and exposure to polluted air measured by several indicators, including the concentrations of PM and NO2 and measures of potential exposure to traffic emissions, was consistently observed in both cohort and case-control studies after adjustment for important potential confounders, including tobacco smoking.
However, sites that received intervention training were better performing than those that did not, as measured by process indicators, including a higher number of outreach visits planned and held (p = 0.02), having a monitoring chart (p < 0.01), and correctly calculating dropout (p < 0.01).
Traditionally, the health of populations has been measured using epidemiological indicators, including the presence/absence of disease and/or death (e.g. morbidity and mortality) [ 1].
KT capacity was measured by several indicators including the presence of a KT strategy, an organizational structure to support KT activities, KT skills, and institutional links with stakeholders and media.
For LinkedIn, social capital was quantified using several measures or indicators including number of followers, presence of a Newslines page (indicating extremely high level of social influence), and a simple count of contacts where neither of the other criteria were relevant.
According to Koontz and Thomas (2006), many respondents (both academics and managers) expressed a strong interest in measures and indicators including quantifiable parameters, which could assist in improving existing collaborations.
The annual index measures 23 indicators including incidents of violent crime, countries' levels of militarization and weapons imports.
