After surgery, the REE was measured using an Engström device (GE Healthcare Japan, Tokyo, Japan), which consists of a ventilator and an indirect calorimeter, and was measured from the time from ICU admission to extubation or at 9 AM on postoperative day 1.
The COI was prevalence-based and measured from a societal perspective, including direct and indirect costs during the 30 day study period.
However, the inaccuracy of EE PSU was higher, with greater than 25%% and greater than 30%% inaccuracy rates of 10% and 66 %, respectively, indicating that in more than half of the patients with inaccuracy of greater than 25%%, the error was even larger namely, more than 30%% difference from EE as measured by indirect calorimetry.
Amounts of VCO2 and VO2 involved in protein oxidation (VCO2prot and VO2prot) were then subtracted from the total values measured using indirect calorimetry to yield the nonprotein RQ (i.e. nonprotein VCO2/nonprotein VCO2/nonprotein
Third, VO2 was calculated from central venous oxygen saturation and not from mixed venous oxygen saturation or measured by indirect calorimetry, what might limit its accuracy.
The concept of acculturation is widely used in health behaviour research where it is quantified using different measures that range from indirect proxy measures (such as length of stay and proficiency in the language of the host country) to multidimensional scales [ 27– 30].
PAPP-A and f β-hCG from serum and from DBS were measured by conventional indirect immunoassay on an AutoDELFIA platform and by antibody microarray.
Oxygen consumption is measured through indirect calorimetry.
Exertion was measured using indirect calorimetry.
Substrate oxidation was measured by indirect calorimetry.
