Sentence examples for measured friction factor from inspiring English sources

In this study, friction factor correlations with relative roughness are compared with experimental measured friction factor data using a statistical approach as the basis for comparison.

An equation for predicting the average heat transfer of the inner helically ribbed tubes is presented based on Gnielinski equation with the friction factor in the numerator of the original Gnielinski equation being replaced by the measured friction factor in the fully developed flow region of the internally grooved tubes.

Figure 8 shows the measured friction factor for nanoemulsion as a function of Reynolds number, in which it shows very similar trend as observed in the single-phase pure PAO fluid heat transfer data as shown in Fig. 5.

The Stribeck curve plots the measured friction factor against Sommerfeld number, z, defined below: z = ηur/L where η is the lubricant viscosity and u is the entraining velocity of the bearing surfaces.

Measured friction factors were similar in trend to the predictions for rectangular channels, although the overall rise in fluid temperature resulted in slightly lower friction factors.

Absolute friction values showed no relation with the evolution of the tip shape, however, suggesting that other factors may have had more significant influences on the measured friction.

We defined the estimation error by subtracting the estimated friction force from the measured friction forces.

a Measured friction in several haptic voltage conditions.

As a result, the estimated friction force and measured friction force were found to be qualitatively consistent.

The measured friction profile for the inserted needle revealed the mechanical resistance of the rat brain to the implantation needle.

But, it is very difficult to measure friction force and friction torque.