Morphometrical analysis was performed using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Inc. Silver Spring, MD) and measuring five fields from each ear section and contrasting controls against challenged mice.
We determined the mean thickness by measuring two fields from five sections per sample, and the entire depth of field was sampled, ignoring the upper and lower 0.5 μm.
This analyzer measured ten random fields per slide and calculated the ratio of connective tissue to the whole area of the liver.
We imposed mild water deficit conditions as it is a stress that plants frequently experience in the field [18] and measured four pertinent parameters to characterize plant response to water deficit, i.e. total leaf area (TLA), electrolyte leakage (EL), relative water content (RWC) and cut rosette water loss (CRWL).
To test the effects of the GPC mutations on yield components in a tetraploid background, we measured thousand kernel weight (TKW) in three field environments and dry spike weight in the Davis field experiment.
The magnetotelluric (MT) method uses the natural electromagnetic field variation to image subsurface resistivity structure, and usually involves measuring two horizontal electric field components (E x and E y ) and three magnetic field components (B x, B y, and B z ) at the Earth's surface, where the subscripts x and y indicate the N-S and E-W directions, respectively.
Yield loss due to grazing by mute swans was measured on nine fields of autumn-sown oilseed rape located in five regions of England.
Yield loss due to grazing by mute swans was measured on two fields each of autumn-sown oilseed rape and winter wheat, located in three regions of the UK.
The average nuclear fluorescence intensity was measured in five fields of 50 cells by Metamorph.
Immunofluorescence intensity or immunoreactive area was measured in five fields (300 μm) for every section in at least 10 sections for every experimental group (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/index.html free software).
