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Good levels of agreement in the predicted and measured drop size histories are obtained.
The tracer concentration distributions, measured at the entrance and exit of a single stage, and the simultaneously measured drop size distribution in the monitored stage were discretized appropriately to provide drop residence times and axial velocities in agitated dispersions.
One is to use transient data of the measured drop size distribution as the impeller speed is changed.
To demonstrate the approach, model parameters were obtained by nonlinear optimization using measured drop size distributions collected at 50 wt% oil and 1 wt% Pluronic F68 surfactant.
It was demonstrated that the off-line measured drop size distributions are representative for the conditions in the bioreactor and are not altered by sample handling.
The measured drop size distributions in the final emulsion clearly illustrated that the flow rate, as well as the dispersed-phase viscosity, and the interfacial tension can significantly affect the drop size after emulsification.
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The electrical device is designed to measure drop size and drop concentration by difference of conductivity between dispersed phase and continuous phase as drops transformed into cylindrical slugs pass between two detection points in the capillary.
Direct photography is often used to measure drop size distributin of liquid-liquid dispersions, but when the holdup (volume fraction) is high or drop size is small, the resolution is poor.
Measuring drop size distributions in steady state photographically and variation of the specific interfacial area with time after a change in the stirrer speed by a laser light attenuation, the necessary parameters were evaluated by curve fitting.
Furthermore, PBM and SMX were compared by measuring drop size distributions and pressure drops during formation of oil-in-water emulsions with different flow rates and residence times, the latter being varied by passing emulsions several times through static mixers of different lengths.
The (LCPBM) model was validated by measuring drop sizes using a square wave of 0.4 kV/cm and frequencies between 3 and 100 Hz for two flowrates.
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