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Measured deformation itself is to be viewed with caution given the limited sample sizes used.
This information could be used to compare predicted and measured deformation.
The speckle interferometry technique is employed to obtain the experimentally measured deformation field.
Once the load cells are in place, the computer model can be verified and improved against both the reaction forces and the measured deformation.
The measured deformation includes autogenous shrinkage and thermal expansion or contraction caused by the temperature changes induced by the heat of cement hydration.
An inverse problem of cohesive zone modeling is performed to obtain accurate mode-I cohesive zone laws from experimentally measured deformation fields.
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At every load level, different parameters were measured (deformations, velocities of P- and S-waves, acoustic emission (Fig. 4a).
FEM simulations are further employed to verify the consistency of measured deformations with a stiffness reduction, and to derive strain and stress levels in the implanted region.
It can be seen from Fig. 10 that the calculated flexural deformations are obviously less than the measured deformations, except for Specimen E3, which has the highest shear span-to-depth ratios (λ = 2.75).
The in-plane strain field (x- and y-components) was calculated from the measured deformations, and under assumption of plastic incompressibility, the missing strain component (z-direction) was calculated, as shown by Kajberg and Lindkvist (2004).
Because measurement of mechanical properties involves measuring deformation for a known load, and roentgen-stereometric analysis (RSA) [ 8] can measure deformation in vivo in a non-destructive way, it seemed to be a practical method.
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