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It should be noted that the calculated lines are not identical to the true time-series concentrations because the steady-state concentrations are estimated using measured data containing a large number of errors.
We use both real (measured) data, containing partial observations of the system, and pseudo-experimental (artificial) data obtained by simulating the model and adding different amounts of artificial noise: The use of pseudo-experimental data allows us a more controlled study of the influence of noise and observability on the performance of the parameter estimation (optimization methods).
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The central question is whether the measured data contains sufficient information to determine the unknown intracellular fluxes.
This set of sensor locations is then checked against the results of a sensitivity analysis to ensure that the measured data contain information for identifying all of the target damage scenarios.
A notable exception is lactate, where the measured data contain little noise.
Subjects were considered to be "correctly" coded as obese if they had a diagnosis code of obesity in the administrative database and a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m in the measured data contained in APPROACH.
The obtained sample eigenvectors, contained in matrix W, can be used to create a projection X ~ of the measured data X, containing solely the strongest signal space components: X ~ = ∑ i = 1 L w i w i H X - E X + E X (10).
Comparative results are obtained by using both an approximate sinusoidal current velocity data set simulating periods of real flow and a sea trial measured data set containing highly-turbulent and velocity-sheared flow in a semi-physical test.
Whereas this can lead to reliable assessments for coating-only properties for short range properties like plasticity the longer range of elastic interactions means that measured data always contains a contribution from the substrate.
Furthermore, the measured data often contains only marginal uncertainties.
These forces can be obtained by using inverse techniques but the measured data used will contain some unknown errors.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com