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Conductivity measurements of TiO2 films were measured by using a source meter (Keithley 2400).
The electrical properties of the films were measured by using a Hall effect measurement system.
The heart rate was measured by using a pulse oximeter.
The sludge gas production is measured by using a eudiometer.
Cytokines were measured by using a specific immunoassay.
Elemental analyses were measured by using a German made Elementarvario LIII CHNS analyzer.
For all samples, pH was measured by using a waterproof pH meter (HI98127, pHep Hanna).
ZoI was measured by using a standard HiAntibiotic Zone scale™ Himedia (Mumbai, India).
The sheet resistance of graphene was measured by using a semiconductor parametric analyzer (Keithley 4200-SCS).
B-H loops were measured by using a B-H loop tracer.
All items were measured by using a 6-point Likert scale and dichotomous nominal scales.
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