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Injected carrier lifetimes in the quantum dots have also been measured by temperature dependent and time resolved photoluminescence.
The results show that additional design criteria significantly improve E as well as temperature distribution, measured by temperature effectiveness (ƐT), with all-air heating systems.
Profile of acid site of the monolayer was measured by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, and its relation with the surface oxidation state was studied.
For systematical understanding catalytic activity of the metal oxides used, acidity and basicity of the catalysts were measured by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) using either CO2 or NH3.
Solid acidity as measured by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia could not be related simply to the catalytic activity, because the method could not discriminate between Lewis and Brønsted acid sites.
Surface acidities of the Nb2O5A12O5 supports were measured by temperature programmed reaction study of adsorbed [180]ethanol; the desorption temperature of the ether dehydration product is a relative measure of Lewis acidity.
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The large-scale thermal properties of them have been measured by temperature-history method as well.
The C3H8 oxidation activities of the catalysts were measured by temperature-programmed reaction after the oxidative, reductive and inert pre-treatments.
The activity was measured by temperature-programmed reaction tests in the 20 400 °C range, and the catalysts were characterized by different techniques (SBET, XRD, H2-TPR, DRS UV vis, XPS and DRIFTS).
The catalyst acidic properties were measured by temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectoscopy (FT-IR).
The basicity of the catalyst was measured by temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 using an automated gas sorption analyzer, AUTOSORB-iQ (M/s. Quantachrome Instruments, USA).
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