Sentence examples for measured by reference from inspiring English sources

An economy's real growth rate is typically measured by reference to prices in a base year.

GDP is typically measured by reference to the shape of the economy in a "base" year.

An economy's growth rate in inflation-adjusted terms is typically measured by reference to prices in a base year.

Real GDP is typically measured by reference to the prices and structure of the economy in a base year.

GDP is typically measured by reference to the prices and structure of the economy in a base year.

53 First, the standard of impartiality expected of a particular administrative decision maker depends on context and is to be measured by reference to the factors identified by L'Heureux-Dubé J. in Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2 S.C.R. 817, at paragraph 47.

Therefore, our goal in this study was to investigate factors that contribute to bone mechanical behavior measured by cyclic reference point indentation, impact reference point indentation, and three-point bending.

The nonspecific changes in the output signal induced by the fluctuations of temperature, medium pH, etc. were decreased due to the usage of differential mode of measurement: the conductivity of solution measured by the reference pair of electrodes was subtracted from the conductivity measured by the pair of electrodes with a biorecognition element.

However, the magnitude of the shift was equivalent in all imaging detectors and in the reference detector, suggesting one, that the mean time measured by the reference detector can be used to correct for mean time drift in the imaging detectors (Fig. 5d), and two, that, at least in this system, the major source of system drift during warm-up results from drift in the laser.

We tested the accuracy of these equations in people 74 years or older compared with GFR measured by a reference method.

As a satellite's orbit slowly diverges from its earlier prediction, these small deviations are measured by the reference stations on the ground and sent to a central control station for updating, he said.