His dissertation concerned the detection of deception, as measured by changes in blood pressure.
The phenomenon is measured by changes in a north-south atmospheric pressure gradient over the North Atlantic.
The fifth factor is inflation, as measured by changes in the Consumer Price Index.
But changes in the output of nonmarket goods and services, such as those of governments, households, and nonprofit institutions, must generally be measured by changes in inputs.
Natural disasters' effects are often measured by changes in gross domestic product, but Mutter and his collaborators looked into wider factors, including life expectancy, education, and foreign aid and investment.
The cognitive costs of the new driving style were measured by changes in the modulation of autonomic nervous system and NASA-TLX workload scale.
It did not increase innovation as measured by changes in the distribution of high and low value patents and citations to English inventor patents in the United States.
Counterintuitively, weight training may even improve cardiovascular fitness, Phillips said, as measured by changes in a person's VO2max, or the maximum amount of oxygen that the heart and lungs can deliver to the muscles.
Our results suggest that suicide rates are pro-cyclical with respect to the business cycle (measured by changes in the unemployment rate) after extensively controlling for divorce and fertility rates.
Outcomes were measured by changes in visual acuity and IOP with or without anti-glaucoma medication.
For students already doing well, they provided little benefit as measured by changes in exam scores.
