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CRP was not measured at exam 2, so baseline measurements were used in the analysis.
Cardiometabolic outcomes were measured at exam years 0, 7, 10, 15, and 20.
A1C was measured at exam 2 in MESA, which was conducted ∼16 months after the baseline study exam.
Participants who had CAC measured at exam 2 were similar to those with interpolated CAC with regard to age, sex, smoking status, BMI, A1C, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, common CIMT, and internal CIMT (all P > 0.08).
Compared with participants with CAC measured at exam 2, participants with interpolated CAC had higher prevalence of detectable CAC (57 vs. 50%, χ test P < 0.001), lower median CAC score if CAC >0 (66.6 vs. 85.1 Agatston units, Wilcoxon rank sum test P < 0.001), and lower mean natural logarithm (ln) CAC score if CAC was more than zero (3.93 vs. 4.36 ln Agatston units, Student's t test P < 0.001).
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Another example is the situation where the endpoint of interest is only measured at one exam, often the baseline exam, and a cross-sectional analysis including prevalent users is the only choice.
Anthropometry (height, weight, and waist circumference) was measured at each exam.
In additional analyses, we used multivariable linear regression to assess age at menarche categories in relation to continuous outcome measures for % A1C, glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, HDL-c, high sensitivity CRP, waist circumference, and BMI measured at baseline exam.
The association between ideal cardiovascular health, objectively measured at physical exam, and HRQoL remains unknown, and it is unclear whether there are differences in this association by gender or race/ethnicity.
Fasting serum glucose was measured at each exam by rate reflectance spectrophotometry using thin film adaptation of the glucose oxidase method on the Vitros analyzer (Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, NY).
Additionally, among those not taking diabetes medications, earlier menarche [<11 years vs. 13-14 yeareferentrent)] was associated with higher % glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p = 0.003), waist circumference (p < 0.001), and BMI measured at baseline exam (p < 0.001).
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