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Traits are measured as differences in values between sister-pairs of mammalian clades.
The screening effects were measured as differences in benefits and harms between the screened and unscreened populations.
The quantification NCX-dependent Ca2+ clearance is measured as differences between areas underneath the twitch curve (normalized to peak shortening amplitude) before and after application of Ni2+.
Tables 1, 2 and 3 - Regressions between rates, clade size and body size for mitochondrial sequence data Traits are measured as differences in values between sister-pairs of mammalian clades.
Table 4 - Regressions between rates, clade size and body size for mitochondrial sequence data of Welch et al. [ 27] Traits are measured as differences in values between sister-pairs of mammalian clades.
COX activity was measured as differences between rates of oxygen consumption observed in homogenates after addition of substrate (4 mM sodium ascorbate with 0.3 mM N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) and rates of oxygen consumption observed in substrate alone (in order to take in account auto-oxidation of ascorbate).
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Growth rate (GR) measured as difference between body-weight measurements; body-weight (BW) was measured (in grams) at 14, 28, 42, 56 and at 70 days of age. 2 * 5% genome-wide, † genome-wide suggestive significance level.
In case of per-year-indicators, the individual number of years is measured as difference between 2012 and the year of each researcher's first publication.
Thus, it provides more information than one can obtain, say, from a Gaussian fit of the PL spectra (Fig. 2). Figure 4 PL band asymmetry measured as difference, δ = E − Emax for various temperatures.
Relative efficacy for the continuous measures (HAQ improvement and ACRcont) was measured as difference in improvement.
Membrane potential (Ter Heijne et al. 2006) was measured as difference between the Ag/AgCl reference electrodes in anode and cathode.
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