Accordingly, NO basal generation (measured as in the medium) in astrocytes from older rats was ∼40% higher than that in astrocytes from 7-month-old rats (Fig. 5B).
For each glandular hair of leaf petioles, the length (l), minimum width (wmin) and maximum width (wmax) of the three cells (terminal: t; middle: m; basal: b) were measured, as well as the total hair length (h).
Our results show that although trees have had around 53% increases in WUE over the past century, growth decline (measured as a decrease in basal area increment – BAI) has been the prevalent response in recent decades irrespective of species identity and latitude.
Initial height was measured as the distance between the basal diameter (Figure 1C) and the point of departure of the newest leaf from the apical meristem (Figure 1A).
Epidermal thickness, measured as the distance from the basal to the upper granular layer, was greater in EPI−/− mice treated with TPA or DMBA/TPA than in WT mice, and this correlated with a greater number of suprabasal layers.
Basal thermotolerance was measured as described [ 23].
Basal respiration was measured as the average rate of unstimulated oxygen consumption.
Migration was measured as a percentage of the healthy basal response and was expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean.
