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This measure (very thin cows) correlated positively also with the dirty water bowls (rs = 0.45, P = 0.004) and insufficient water flow (rs = 0.35, P = 0.028).
Independently, the leptoscope was invented in order to measure very thin membranes by comparing the intensity of light reflected from a sample to the intensity of a membrane standard of known thickness [ 107].
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However, it is difficult to measure CTE for very thin metal foils.
Due to its unique optical design, PMSE presents an unparallel capability to measure very accurately ultra thin films on transparent substrates as often found in display applications.
For small nanospheres of Si, hardnesses in the 15-30 GPa regime are measured, while for very thin Au films the apparent hardness can vary from 2 to 6 GPa.
The SM layer was measured to be very thin in some specimens, and not always very well resolved by OCT.
The SM was measured to be very thin in histology and not very well resolved in some of the OCT images.
The gelatin coated slide was then placed in the sample holder of the PA scanning setup depicted in Fig. 2. It should be noted that this concentration is well above the minimum detectable concentration of GNRs of ~10 particles/ml measured in a very thin (less than 1 mm) gelatin phantom under the same experimental conditions as cell experiments, at identical laser fluence (4 mJ/cm).
Here, we demonstrate that THz images of very thin sections measured in paraffin with water are improved compared to THz images obtained with raw (dewaxed) sections in water or with paraffin sections in air.
While in literature IEDP is often performed on bulk samples, it should be emphasized that establishing and measuring tracer concentration variations in very thin films of 20 nm is far from trivial and rarely done.
At the same time, it is technically challenging to accurately measure these two fundamental parameters in very thin (20 300 nm) water-swollen active layers.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com