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Step 2: For each dependent measure, the standardized condition averages were computed by collapsing across subjects.
Step 1: For each dependent measure, the standardized scores were computed using zi = (xi − X)/SD, where X refers to the overall mean and SD refers to the pooled standard deviation.
Cohen's d was reported to measure the standardized magnitude of group differences, which is relatively insensitive to sample size.
We propose using the Spearman correlation to measure the standardized C(k) curve since it is invariant with regard to monotonically increasing transformations.
Published results were first converted into a common effect size measure: the standardized mean difference which is defined as the mean difference divided by the corresponding standard deviation [ 18].
Our results show that the proposed effect size measure (log ratio of means) has better power to identify differentially expressed genes, and that the detected genes have better performance in predicting cancer outcomes than the commonly used effect size measure, the standardized mean difference (SMD), under both quality-weighted and quality-unweighted data integration frameworks.
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Musculoskeletal complaints were measured using the standardized Nordic questionnaire [ 11].
Self-efficacy was measured using the standardized Dutch version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (ALCOS-16) [ 37], which assesses the subjects' expectations of their general capacities [ 37].
The standardized SRH measure was the instrument used for health related quality of life assessment.
We also measured the SRM (standardized response mean) as a difference between the postoperative mean values and the preoperative mean values divided by the standard deviation of the difference.
We measured the crosslinks standardized to creatinine and 24-hr cadmium excretion on different samples, and we therefore excluded the possibility of a spurious association due to varying degrees of the concentration of urine in individual samples.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com