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Instruments to measure the constructs were developed and empirically validated.
Variable items utilized a five-point Likert scale to measure the constructs.
Below we describe the items and standardized scales that were used to measure the constructs involved in the present study.
Miranda et al. (2007) explained their uncommon results due to the use of inadequate variables to measure the constructs of interest.
Subjects completed a number of standardized scales to measure the constructs in the model pre-training, immediately post-training, and two months post-training.
The online self-regulated learning questionnaire (Barnard, Lan, To, Paton, & Lai, 2009) and the intrinsic motivation inventory (Deci & Ryan, 1982) were applied to measure the constructs on self regulation in the student characteristics and motivation in the learning outcome constructs.
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To measure the construct of a teacher's intention to remain in the profession, this study considered two questionnaire items.
As when used with cigarette smokers, the FTQ-ST appeared to measure the construct of physical dependence.
This study was designed to measure the construct of competence as perceived by nursing students in different programs of study.
Similarly, if one of the intervals overlaps with others this means that the scale has probably been using more intervals than necessary to measure the construct.
Given this context, our research questions include: (1) When attempting to measure the construct of instructional climate, what are the reliable and valid components or factors that emerge?
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