After careful analysis, the most accurate determination of particle burning area at diffusion-limited conditions was achieved by measuring particle surface area using the technique of discrete revolution, subtracting surface void area, and adding reacting void wall area.
Dynamic light scattering analysis and zeta-potential analysis were applied to nanodiamond and EPND complexes to measure particle size and surface charge.
This paper describes a computer code that was developed to analyze 3D images of granular materials to measure particle lengths (size), volume, surface area, global centroid location and orientation; it also provides a method to calculate particle contact location and orientation.
Concentration measurements included PN, BC, NO, NO2, NO x, and particle surface UV-photoionization potential (measured using Ecochem Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor [PAS] that responds to elemental carbon and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PB PAH]).
In addition, for Gd2O3@Ag Janus particles (see Fig. 5a), isolated Ag NPs at the Gd2O3 particle surface could be measured at 388 nm.
The NA1/11 viral particles consisted of complete, ovoid-shaped virions characteristic of parapoxvirus with a crisscross patterned tubule-like structure measuring about 260 nm×150 nm on the particle surface when observed under the MFP-3D atomic force microscope.
The particle velocity and temperature were measured based on the thermal radiation from particle surface.
Ligand particle surface densities (anti-CD3 and anti-LFA-1) were measured using GAM-Alexa titration.
The units of the particle surface area calculated by Equation 4 are square meter per gram of salt. Figure 7 shows the dependence of the increment in the specific heat capacity with the available particle surface area measured by both methods.
Single particle surface enhanced Raman spectra (sp-SERS) of crystal violet adsorbed on the hierarchical Ag mesostructures were measured.
