A similar scale was used to measure average amount of restriction to daily activities in the past week (0 = no restriction; 10 = maximal restriction possible).
Our results may be partly confounded by indication for which we controlled by measures of restriction, stratification and extensive multivariate adjustment.
12 All measures of restrictions on smoking and childhood exposure to SHS in homes and cars indicated that, before and after legislation, exposure was particularly prevalent among children from poorer families.
While it has been proposed that individual famine data may be more accurate than area-exposure data [44], other studies in the Netherlands have used place of residence during the Hunger Winter as a measure of energy restriction [45], [46] and their results indicate that it is an adequate proxy.
Fengxiao, a tightly monitored measure of movement restriction [3], [4], was also put in place to proscribe college and university students, faculty, and staff members to leave their campuses, and to disallow on-campus visits while maintaining essential services and normal scientific activities (File S1).
Nevertheless, the resultant measure of Participation Restriction appeared to have acceptable properties.
Table 3 describes the ordinal logistic regression model examining associations with a three-category measure of participation restriction level, stratified by CD4 cell counts.
Additionally, a measure of participation restriction for use in population studies has been developed based on the ICF [ 9] and recently a measure of participation has been developed for OA but it was not based on the ICF [ 10].
Because information on individual food for the cohort was not available for the exposure periods, three proxy measures of energy restriction were used to describe energy restriction during the Economic Depression, WWII, and the Hunger Winter.
