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We propose a new measure of replication quality to evaluate how well the film can reproduce the micro/nanostructures of natural plant leaves.
The 21 pairs of samples collected within 0.3 1 m of each other in India and Bangladesh provide a measure of replication, even if spatial variability of the composition of groundwater over very short vertical distances cannot be disentangled.
Therefore, the whole-genome Okazaki fragment data provide a reliable measure of replication fork direction from which the efficiency of each origin can be estimated.
In MNSV-infected plants, the concentration of dsRNAs, as a measure of replication, was 5-fold lower in roots than in cotyledons, despite the amount of virus being comparable in both tissues.
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The replication-independent variant histone H3.3 is incorporated into chromatin when nucleosomes are replaced and serves as a measure of replication-independent nucleosome turnover (Ahmad and Henikoff, 2002; Mito et al., 2005; Goldberg et al., 2010; Ooi et al., 2010).
We compared the three independent experimental measures of replication origin efficiency: calculated from fork-direction gels (Friedman et al., 1997); inferred from the replication time-course experiment; and inferred from the mapping of Okazaki fragments (Smith and Whitehouse, 2012).
Importantly, luciferase bioluminescence closely correlated with viral DNA quantity, a direct measure of viral replication, indicating that reporter expression requires viral replication.
Virus-containing supernatants were then assayed for GLuc expression as a measure of viral replication inhibition.
The influenza matrix (M) gene copy number was measured by quantitative PCR as a measure of viral replication after the infection of both influenza viruses.
It is defined as the number of infected cells generated initially by one infected cell in its lifetime, and as such is a measure of viral replication.
In this assay, the amount of purified recombinant RNPs is a measure of their replication in vivo, as any polymerase null mutation abolish the generation of RNPs [19], [20].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com