Albedo is a measure of surface reflectivity; whiter surfaces send more radiation back toward outer space.
In this paper experimental measures of the reflectivity change in carbon compressed to megabar pressures are presented.
This device allows measuring the absolute value of reflectivity as well as the absolute value of the angle in the Kretschmann configuration.
New Horizons will also measure the reflectivity of a radar signal off its surface.
At the University of Leipzig in 1862 64, German astronomer Johann K. F. Zöllner developed a custom photometer to measure the reflectivity of the Moon, planets and bright stars.
The STS-NIR Spectro Radiometer (Ocean Optics, Dunedin, Florida, USA) was used to determine the optical properties of the samples, namely, to measure the reflectivity coefficient of the samples at varying overlaps and line spacing at wavelengths between 175 and 885 nm and an optical resolution of 1.5 nm [19].
We also used Eq. (1), below, to calculate a measure of the normalized excess reflectivity from the skin burns compared to the normal tissue, r b − r n r n × 100, (1 where r b and r n are the Fourier reflection amplitudes of the burned and normal skin, respectively.
Depth profile of the chemical elements constitute the films is reconstructed based on analysis of reflectivity curves measured in the vicinity of B K-edge.
AFM imaging and spectrophotometry experiments are applied to image and record the surface roughness and measure the reflectivity spectrum of the sample.
Skin pigmentation differences between patients and within a patient over time (more or less tan) are mitigated by measuring the reflectivity of the skin and using the measured reflectance to correct the distortion of the melanin.
