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There was a standardized measure of reading ability (WIAT-II Word Reading subtest) and a standardized measure of phonological decoding (WIAT-II Pseudoword Decoding subtest), and two IQ tests (the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (Raven's CPM; Raven, 2008) and a short form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 3rd Edition (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991)).
At the end of the interview, participants completed the Wide Range Achievement Test-3 Reading Subtest (WRAT) as a gross measure of reading ability [ 17].
Standard scores on the Woodcock Johnson Basic Reading Composite, an untimed measure of reading accuracy, improved significantly over the course of the intervention (F 1,77) = 59.75, p < 10−10, linear mixed effect model with a fixed effect of intervention time, in hours, and a random effect of subject).
Because of this, it has been frequently used as a measure of reading comprehension for both research and testing purpose (e.g., Cohen 1994; Yu 2008).
One additional group, made up of respondents who passed the ICT screener but failed the cognitive screener, were given just the paper-based measure of reading components.9.9
In Yu (2008) study, summarization was used as a measure of reading comprehension, and apart from English summary, the participants in his study were also required to summarize in their native language (i.e., Chinese), while in the present study it was examined as a measure of read-to-write integrated test task.
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Twins completed two measures of reading comprehension: the Reading Comprehension subtest of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIATrc; Markwardt, 1997) and the GOAL Formative Assessment in Literacy for Key Stage 3 (Global Online Assessment for Learning, 2002).
The Neale Analysis of Reading Ability test (NARA; Neale, 1997) yielded measures of reading accuracy, reading comprehension and reading rate.
A convenient measure of read coverage relative to the transcript abundance is Read Per Kilobase per Million reads mapped (RPKM) [18] which counts the number of reads that map to a gene, normalized by the length of the gene in kilobases, per million reads mapped to the genome.
Average expression is a measure of reads mapped per sample.
Our measure of read depth is analogous to the widely used measure of gene expression, reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads (RPKM).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com