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The measure of partisan voting in Figure 2 is calculated as Bartels did in Figure 1: by multiplying the coefficients by percentage of voters who identify themselves as a Republican, Independent, or Democrat.
It was a measure of partisan entrenchment that it took the two leaders and the governor five days to negotiate the details of an emergency budget bill that will keep government programs running until July 15.
Several political scientists and other scholars concluded that Wisconsin's map violates any measure of partisan symmetry, which they contend is a "workable standard," easy to compute and legally appropriate.
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Measures of partisan enthusiasm paint a more mixed picture of the electorate in comparison with signs of Democratic intensity displayed in many recent special elections.
("Let Math Save Our Democracy," urged the headline over a 2015 New York Times piece). And the website of his Princeton Gerrymandering Project — gerrymander.princeton.edu — allows judges, lawyers, and ordinary citizens to see how their states stack up against Wang's measures of partisan gerrymandering.
Finally, for the moment, he has public opinion on his side: a majority in most polls say Mr Gore should concede, and the measures of partisan bitterness in such polls suggest that Mr Bush's climb, while uphill, would at least be a gentler one than Mr Gore's.Include and prevailThere are ways in which Mr Bush could soften his slope still more.
Whatever the rationale, the justices must answer two key questions: How do you measure the degree of partisan bias in map-drawing, and then how do you set a standard beyond which everyone can agree the Constitution is violated?
Getting off the couch to vote is the measure of a true partisan.
In one closely watched if imprecise measure of the overall partisan strength of the two parties, 47 percent of likely voters said they would vote for a Republican in next week's Congressional contest, compared with 40percentt who said they would vote Democratic.
Despite the narrowness of his victory in 1888, the Republican Congress promptly pushed through a series of partisan measures, and resulting legislation such as the McKinley Tariff Act (1890)—which substantially raised duties on most imports was met with frustrated charges that Harrison was too closely aligned with the country's wealthy elite.
In 1701 he entered Parliament, where he soon won a reputation by his superb oratory and his support of partisan Tory measures, including attacks on the previous Whig ministry and on the Protestant Dissenters, the Whigs' staunchest allies.
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