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On a simple measure of leverage, they look equally risky.
The United States is hoping its deeper military and political ties with India will give it some measure of leverage to prevent a war between India and Pakistan that could lead to a nuclear holocaust and would play havoc with the hunt for Al Qaeda in Pakistan.
A common issue in capital structure studies is identifying the appropriate measure of leverage.
The inclusion, in the compound criteria, of a measure of leverage uniformity is proposed in order to produce designs that are more robust to missing observations.
In contrast with other papers, our measure of leverage includes only financial debt and directly excludes other liabilities such as trade payables, which mainly depend on business transactions and not on the effect of corporate taxation.
On the one hand, according to the incremental approach, the debt ratio is not an efficient measure of leverage as the dependent variable, since it is the cumulative result of decisions taken over many years and thus may not fully reflect changes in economic conditions.
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The Fed, which regulates bank holding companies, is now developing a "robust" set of key indicators for emerging risk concentrations and market stresses, including more sophisticated measures of leverage and maturity transformation, he added.
We compare the Basel-established Internapproachgs-Based (IRB) approach to risk weighting assets with an alternative macroprudential approach which sets risk-weights in response to sectoral measures of leverage.
In line with the previous rationale, this study employs two measures of leverage by considering incremental debt level in the numerator and capital employed in the denominator, thus: ({ LEV}_{1}) is the first difference in long-term book debt divided by the sum of long-term book debt and market value of equity.
"This ensures investors and other stakeholders will have a comparable measure of bank leverage, regardless of domestic accounting standards," Mr. Ingves said in a statement.
BVEBVD is measure of the leverage of the firm.
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