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Observational audits will be conducted at clubs during football matches as a secondary measure of intervention implementation, which will allow measurement triangulation.
In fact, Tian et al. noted that the SMD does not depend on the unit of measurement, and therefore the SMD has been widely used as a measure of intervention effect in many applied fields [ 9].
However, the evidence underlying the measure of intervention effect was relatively weak making it difficult to rule out bias and/or confounding of intervention effects.
This secondary measure of intervention effect was the relative improvement difference between arms (RΔ%).
Three of the studies employed health outcome as a measure of intervention effect.
First, these data will be used as a measure of intervention integrity i.e., was the intervention/practice delivered as intended.
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Given the potential pitfalls of relying on medical record documentation, some investigators have recommended use of patient exit interviews as a more accurate measure of interventions for partner violence [ 22].
The form enabled the researchers to generate six client measures of intervention dosage.
The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the confidence in the estimated summary measures of intervention effect for each data subgroup.
Business is known for its general dislike of tougher regulations, but the frustration of CEOs is evident from the fact that more than half are clear in their call for "hard" measures of intervention, including regulation and standards; 43% call for governments to adjust subsidies and incentives; and 31% seek intervention through taxation.
Secondary outcomes included measures of intervention adherence and behavior change.
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