Several studies have advocated probabilistic geometric design where reliability analysis can be used to account for the uncertainty in the design parameters and to provide a risk measure of the implication of deviation from design standards.
These indicators provide a synthetic measure of the implications of the existing stock of regulations and institutions.
It ranges within [0, 1] (lapl(A to B) = frac{Support A cup B) + 1}{Support(A) + 2}) (10) Conviction Measure the degree of implication of a rule [18].
Our findings are robust to various alternative specifications and measures of MP implication in the expenses scandal.
We combine panel survey data with new measures of MP implication in the expenses scandal to test where electoral accountability failed.
To show that this is not the case, in Table 3 we report an extra series of models of voter perceptions of MP overclaiming that check the robustness of our findings to alternative measures of MP implication.
Thus, our central finding, that public information about an MP's expenses claims has a substantive influence on constituent perceptions of those claims, is robust to alternative measures of public implication.
In this study we discuss cavitation effects and also measure one implication of cavitation for the application of milk fat separation, the degree of milk fat lipid oxidation by headspace volatile measurements.
One concern with these results is that they may be an artefact of the particular way in which we measure public implication of an MP in the expenses scandal.
Who likes taking the true measure of one's own implication?
