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Combining this complexity estimate with effects of packet loss delivers a measure of frame quality.
In [5], gradient-based complexity measures used in still images are adopted as a measure of frame complexity.
As for the measure of frame complexity, the variance of pixel values in a frame is concerned.
where FER is the measure of frame error rate, CW0 is the measure of minimum contention window and r capture the maximum back off stage.
Finally, in order to derive a measure of frame complexity that is resolution independent, we normalize the estimate of the number of bits necessary at the reference quantization level by the number of 16 × 16 macroblocks in the frame (frame _num _MB).
The compensation scale in one frame should not be too large in case fluctuation happens, the timing drift is used in an alpha (first-order) PLL to track the starting cycle timing of the next preamble, and a beta (second-order) PLL to adjust the local measure of frame period in samples.
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The much-maligned SUV may serve as a better unit of measure to frame the energy and political dynamic here.
Even if the number of retransmitted frame is a good decision criterion for WLAN handoff [18], it is not applicable to obtain the discounted rate in our handoff mechanism since the STA cannot measure the number of frame retransmission without associating with the AP. Figure 6 RSSI and frame retransmission ratio.
The first is to measure the effect of frame material on folding wheelchairs' WPM and VT.
In this study, S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were used to measure the induction of frame shift and base-pair mutations, respectively.
To measure the impact of frame material on WN-WPM and VT, three similar wheelchairs featuring a single cross-brace folding mechanism were compared: one made of titanium (Ti), one made of carbon (C), and one made of aluminium (Al1).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com