This is also a measure of the bit rate reduction required by the GI.
The inverse of the normalized Doppler frequency roughly equals the coherence time, N coh=1/(f D T s), of the channel in bits, and is a measure of the number of consecutive bits over which the channel remains correlated.
To measure the number of bits to be saved, the FAC frame rate is computed in each test item and each category.
I feed straight out of the tape machine into it -- the idea being to grab ("sample") measures of appealing bits from the sessions.
Equation [9] is Shannon's formula for H = uncertainty, which we have called data deficit (actually, Shannon's original formula includes a positive constant K which amounts to a choice of a unit of measure, bits in our case; apparently, Shannon used the letter H because of R.V.L. Hartley's previous work).
But ACARS operates at data rates comparable to dial-up modems, measured in thousands of bits per second (Kbps).
As claimed in [10], the achievable transmission capacity in packets/s/node does not take into account the spectral efficiency of each packet; thus we define the transmission capacity in bits/s/Hz/node, which measures the number of bits each node can receive from its desired transmitter per second per Hertz.
It measures the number of bits of information obtained for category prediction by knowing the presence or absence of a term in a document.
We can notice the similarity with the cross entropy of two probability distributions P and Q: H (P, Q ) = − ∑ x p (x ) log q (x ), where p(x) log q(x) measures the number of bits needed to code an event x from P if a different coding scheme based on Q is used, averaged over all possible events x.
In modern modems a baud can represent many bits, so that the more accurate measure of transmission rate is bits or kilobits (thousand bits) per second.
