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We used the I statistic as a measure of between study heterogeneity.
The variance τ as a measure of between trial heterogeneity varied between 0.00 and 0.52 (median 0.04, table 1).
To evaluate this, reproducibility (as a measure of between observer variability) and repeatability (the measure of within observer variability) are estimated [ 13].
We compared the statistical reliability of both approaches using the Cronbach's alpha statistic -a measure of between and within-case variability, ranging from 0 to 1 with increasing reliability.
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Using over 200 million standardized test records in math and ELA for grades 3 through 8 from every U.S. public school district during the 2008-09 to 2012-13 school years, we estimate intraclass correlations (ICCs) as a measure of between-district variation.
However, a measure of between-subject variability is not integrated.
Here, Reynolds genetic distances [ 50] were used as a measure of between-breed diversity, while within-breed diversity was ignored.
The overall population 95% tolerance interval (columns 3 and 4) provides a measure of between-child variability.
The animal variance component was taken as the measure of within-population variance, while the population variance component was taken as a measure of between-population variation.
In contrast, CAP is not restricted to a particular measure of between-patient differences; therefore it is a much more general technique.
To assess the potential impact on infection propagation between farms, T R ¯ i was cross-classified with a measure of between-farm association frequency, informed by the Poultry Network Database (PND).
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