In Gibbs' equation, k B is the Boltzmann constant that provides the dimensionality Joule/Kelvin to S, while H is dimensionless and can be measured in bits of information (or any other base for the logarithm) given a probability distribution (containing uncertainty).
(96) Here s j is the valence of an individual bond, s0 is the average bond valence, V is the atomic valence and A is a scaling factor, which is equal to 1/ln 2 if the entropy is measured in bits of information.
Security experts measure those attacks in bits of data per second.
(The length of the key used to encrypt and decrypt information, measured in bits, is one of many aspects of what determines how hard an encryption scheme is to crack: 128-bit encryption is now relatively easy; 2048-bit is much harder).
Slowly mix in bits of chocolate.
In "A Mathematical Theory of Communication," his legendary paper from 1948, Shannon proposed that data should be measured in bits — discrete values of zero or one.
The IDI ratings are done on speed of internet (bandwidth, measured in bits per second), volume of fixed internet subscriptions per 100 people, and percentage of households with a computer, giving the country a score out of 10.
Mutual information, MI(R; S), measured in bits, quantifies the amount of information about the signal input (S) that can be obtained by observing the response output (R) and, given discretized data, is defined as: (1) M I (R ; S ) = ∑ i, j p (R i, S j ) log 2 (p (R i, S j ) p (R i ) p (S j ) ).
where PE is measured in bits per sample, the length of block transform (usually DFT), nint integer rounding, the index of starting bin of subband, the th transform coefficient, the undetectable distortion upper bound of band, and the number of bins in subband.
In the recent past, the growing concerns on sustainable growth due to the exponential increase in the use of mobile communication devices, as well as the need to maximize battery life in mobile handsets, garnered a great interest for resource allocation techniques aimed at the maximization of the energy efficiency (EE), measured in bits per Joule, at the physical layer of wireless networks.
