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A more relevant measure for sleep disturbance is the maximum level combined with the number of occurrences ( Open image in new window ).
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was also administered both to patients and controls as a standard measure for sleep disturbance assessment (Buysse et al. 1989).
One limitation to using sleep duration as the sole measure for sleep is that such a measure does not address the quality of sleep.
As an outside measure for sleep quality a number of objective and subjective tests performed by a subject in the morning after sleep are considered.
Whereas most studies of the relationship between BMI and sleep have used sleep duration as the measure for sleep, we used days of perceived insufficient rest or sleep.
32 The improvement in sleep quality as reflected by changes in JSS (a validated measure for sleep quality in the fibromyalgia population) 24 and the improvement in 'tired upon awakening', one of the items in the FIQ that assesses sleep disturbance, suggest that SXB may improve restorative sleep in fibromyalgia patients.
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There is evidence that sleep quality is a better measure for adequate sleep than sleep times; this needs to be explored.
Baseline data represent the mean of the two pre-intervention measures for sleep questionnaires and Actical data, and the one pre-intervention measure for anthropometry.
Table 2 summarizes all primary and secondary polysomnographic outcome measures for sleep architecture, in both olanzapine and placebo groups, across baseline, day 2 4, and day 28 31.
For the Australians, there were no substantial differences in any of the measures for sleep on days that included either a day match or a night match compared with sleep on non-match days (table 2).
The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of repeated use of hypnotics among individuals with celiac disease as a proxy measure for poor sleep.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com