Exact(10)
While most governments use the relatively high emission levels of the 1990s as a base line to measure emission reductions, Brighton is trying to make a 20percentt reduction from 2006 levels by April 2012.
For global warming it meant finding a fair way to measure emission improvements.
'Avoided deforestation' projects were excluded from the 2008-2012 first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol because of concerns about diluting fossil fuel reductions, sovereignty and methods to measure emission reductions [13, 14].
Hybrid technology is seen by many as a potential solution to reduce vehicle emissions in cities. However type approval tests of hybrid vehicles measure emission levels comparable to those of conventional cars in the same market segment.
The Vertical Radial Plume Mapping (VRPM) technique, as described in the US EPA OTM-10, is designed to measure emission flux by directly monitoring the concentration of the plume crossing a vertical plane downwind of the site of interest.
European type approval tests (on the NEDC New European Driving Cycle) of hybrid vehicles measure emission levels of the same magnitude of conventional cars in the same market segment; emitting and consuming slightly less but far from the promised halving of consumption and elimination of emissions [1, 2].
Similar(50)
The new rule would measure emissions on an hourly basis.
By that measure, emissions would still increase, though the rate would slow.
This will have to deal with technical issues such as setting common baselines and methodologies to measure emissions cuts.
At the time, I was managing the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Climate Leaders program, working with companies to measure emissions using the GHG Protocol and to set emissions reduction targets.
We're running out of time to measure emissions, and we'll never arrive at an absolute number anyway.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com