Apart from collection of haemodynamic data, at each time point two blood samples were drawn (one from the radial artery cannula and another from the distal port of the pulmonary artery catheter) in order to measure arterial and mixed venous blood parameters that are necessary for calculation of Qsp/Qt (i.e. haemoglobin concentration, and oxygen tension and saturation).
The measured arterial structural parameter was CIMT [ 12].
We measured carotid pressure, left ventricular outflow, aortic root diameter, carotid artery flow, and distension in order to measure various structural and hemodynamic arterial parameters.
Two studies assessed static arterial parameters [27, 46].
This discrepancy may be due to the different parameters measured (arterial or venous pH and base excess), the different thresholds used to define abnormality, and the variety of outcomes evaluated.
Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and ventilation parameters were measured; arterial and mixed venous blood samples were drawn; and were recorded in T1 to T6. Pigs were ventilated in volume-controlled ventilation mode with FiO2 100%, with 4 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the beginning and with 8 cmH2O PEEP after induction of ARDS.
At 48 hours, animals were anesthetized, and the following parameters were measured: arterial oxygenation, pulmonary mechanics, and diaphragm, lung, kidney, liver, and small intestine villi histology.
After each baseline and intervention phase, the following parameters were measured: arterial blood gases, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation.
The mentioned SpO2 is a parameter that measures arterial oxygen saturation indirectly and non-invasively by means of measuring light absorption in human blood [ 21].
The Prospective comparison of Angiotensin Receptor neprilysin inhibitor with Angiotensin receptor blocker MEasuring arterial sTiffness in the eldERly (PARAMETER) study will assess the efficacy of LCZ696 versus olmesartan on aortic stiffness and central aortic haemodynamics.
