In a second step the reconstructed tree models were ingested in a validated 3D radiative transfer model to simulate both their reflectance signatures (observable by space borne instruments) and directional transmission properties (measurable during field campaigns) under various spectral, illumination and tree density scenarios.
In other words, the control α may be viewed as a semi closed-loop control, i.e., closed-sloop w.r.t. the state process, and open-loop w.r.t. the common noise W 0, or alternatively as a (mathbb {F}^{0} -progressively measurable random field control (alpha = left {alpha _{t}(x), 0} -progressivelyin measurable^{d}random}).
When the magnetic moments of ferromagnetic atoms are lined up, the material can produce a measurable macroscopic field.
This induced a measurable magnetic field and allowed each coil to be localized in reference to the sensors throughout the recording session.
However, the relationship between σ i and the more readily measurable grid field width l i depends on a variety of parameters including the tuning curve shape, noise level, and neuron density.
Therefore, our results in combination with the findings of Woods et al. [ 5] suggest that recovery time does not differ between physiologically stressed animals within the same state (e.g., lactation), although differences resulting from changes in physiological status at other times (e.g., non-moult to moult) may affect recovery times enough to be measurable in field studies.
These stimuli have also been shown in humans to give rise to an MEG/electroencephalography measurable mean field signal in the gamma range, which can be localized to the occipital cortex (Adjamian et al., 2004b; Hall et al., 2005b; Hoogenboom et al., 2006; Swettenham et al., 2009; Muthukumaraswamy et al., 2010).
Because they both lack measurable magnetic fields, Venus and Mars are often compared to each other in terms of their solar wind interaction.
The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the relationship between certain measurable quantities, "sound field indicators", and the characteristics of the sound field.
Field estimates of biomass are generally estimated through the application of an allometric model relating some measurable attribute of field biomass, e.g. tree stem diameter or height, to aboveground biomass [5, 12].
