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Within strata, cell means were standardized with respect to the mean and standard deviation of the group of residents that neither received antidepressants nor had a chart diagnosis of depression.
For cluster analysis, index and count means were standardized and used to calculate taxonomic distances between populations.
Furthermore, means were standardized for clinics to adjust for the uneven proportion of subjects from the different clinics after sample selection.
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Significant impairment is indicated by scores greater than 1 standard deviation (SD) above the mean; scores were standardized using normative means and SD values for the physical (mean = 1.73, SD = 0.45) and psychological (mean = 1.98, SD = 0.50) HRQoL domains, from our earlier paper [ 39].
To compensate for these factors, mean values were standardized for BMI, education level, and smoking.
Total CO2 emissions were the sum of fossil fuel and land-use means, and these were standardized among countries for the proportional index by dividing by total country area.
For variables associated with disease duration (ICR and SDT), means and confidence intervals were standardized to the mean disease duration (13.4 years) using the Stata 'lincom' command.
Adenocarcinomas hybridized to U133 Plus 2.0 arrays were filtered to remove genes not present on the U133A chip and mean chip intensities were standardized to the complete training data set.
The scores were standardized (mean = 100 and standard deviation, 15).
For all analyses, dates were transformed to Julian day since February 15th, and all predictor variables were standardized (mean subtracted, then divided by standard deviation) in order make possible the direct comparison of coefficients.
Means for dependent variables were standardized to 40 years of age by use of linear regression.
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