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We consider the present retrospective study to have been necessary as a means of hypothesis generation for future investigations.
The significance of the categories was evaluated by means of hypothesis testing using 50,000 permutations of the group labels.
The final permuted p-values were obtained by means of hypothesis testing using 50,000 permutations of the group labels.
However, the associations that we found significant at 0.05, but not 0.001, are certainly suggestive and serve as a means of hypothesis generation.
The statistical significance of changes, from the before to after period, was determined by means of hypothesis tests, with a considered significance level of 95%.
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According to a definition from Dictionary.com, "hard science" is "any of the natural or physical sciences, as chemistry, biology, physics, or astronomy, in which aspects of the universe are investigated by means of hypotheses and experiments" — central components and methods of NASA's earth sciences program.
The method uses theory and empirical data as means of creating hypothesis and a deeper understanding of the phenomena being researched.
In the present review, we will only allude to the fact that the assignment of higher symmetric Bravais lattices to extracted lattice parameter sets on the basis of their error bars (and by means of null hypothesis tests) is not optimal because the results are bound to be in error insofar as they claim to be definitive.
Next to descriptive statistics, comparative statistics were performed by means of different hypothesis tests.
Unlike existing methods, our approach addresses the problem by means of a hypothesis test that is based on the distribution of the recorded ion counts, and thereby provides a statistically rigorous measure of the uncertainty involved in the classification problem.
Advances in the study of DNA sequences and computerized construction of phylogenetic trees have provided new means of testing hypotheses of taxonomic relationships.
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