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The means between groups at different time points were compared by two-way ANOVA.
Differences in medians or means between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney or t test where appropriate.
Differences in LS means between groups (each canagliflozin dose vs. placebo) and two-sided 95% CIs were estimated.
F ratio and Student t tests were performed to investigate if variances and means between groups were similar.
When phenotypic means between groups were compared, 50% of the traits showed significant statistical differences (14/28) (Additional file 1: Table S1).
The classification model estimates the difference in the covariate-adjusted phenotype means between groups with low (below-median; <35) and high (above-median; >35) repeat lengths sum.
Means between groups were calculated by using the Student t-test for independent samples if the normal distribution could be assumed; we used the Levene test for homogeneity of variances.
Confidence intervals for estimates (differences in outcome scale means between groups) provide a metric for considering the impact of sample size on the statistical precision of the results, and these confidence intervals were generally narrow.
Multiple comparisons of means between groups and treatments at 95% confidence level (Tuckey test) are presented by letters.
We tested the null hypothesis of equality of means between groups with ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test.
Significant differences between means between groups were determined using Duncan's multiple range tests at a level of p < 0.05.
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