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The controllers were tested when the longitudinal axis of the USV was aligned with the mean wind direction and when the longitudinal axis was perpendicular to the mean wind direction.
Slight changes of mean wind direction in other data samples result in the absence of the spectral peak, suggesting the very local extent of tip vortices.
Galloping, also known as Den Hartog instability, is the large amplitude, low frequency oscillation of a structure in the direction transverse to the mean wind direction.
In London, the weather service's Volcanic Ash Advisory Center warned that low-pressure systems expected across northern Britain this week mean "wind direction is likely to be quite variable," making forecasting the progress of the cloud difficult.
The effects on the response of the characterizing environmental parameters, namely, mean wind speed, mean wind direction, significant wave height, and wave peak period, are investigated, with long-term extreme response analyses in mind.
However, wind feedforward control did substantially improve the performance of the proportional derivative and backstepping controllers when the mean wind direction was perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the USV.
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The peak suction is induced by the large and strong conical vortex formed on the roof and the wall when the gust attacks a building instantly from a particular direction in any mean wind directions.
Additionally, major changes in the simulated flow patterns are observed even for small changes in the mean inlet wind direction.
In the present work, an assessment is carried out to investigate how small modifications to the mean inlet wind direction affect the simulation results.
A single simulation result cannot be considered representative of a specific mean inlet wind direction – this is evidenced by high variation in the field measurements even after stringent sampling criteria.
The simulation results of mean wind speed and wind direction are generally within 10 20% of the corresponding measurement values.
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